Made+in+China


 * (Please follow this Posting Layout. Your posting will be used as Study Guide, so please be concise. You will have more freedom adding details during your oral presentation.) **
 * Author: Rocco Laoshi **
 * **Invention:** COMPASS 指南針 Zhǐ nán zhēn
 * **Year:** It was near the Qin dynasty (221-206 B.C.).
 * **Inventor:** no one knows (probably a fortune teller)
 * **Story:** In ancient China, fortune tellers used to use lodestones (naturally magnetic stones) in their fortune telling and the construction of their fortune telling boards. Soon someone noticed that the lodestones would always point to certain directions and the first crude compasses were made inthe form of a south-pointing ladle. Eventually people started using needle on corks in water instead and the jist of the modern compass was born.
 * **Theory:** Since the earth’s core mostly consists of molten iron (a magnetic metal), the earth acts like a very large magnet and like all magnets, it has a north and a south pole. The way a magnetic compass works is that it has some magnetic metal at the center which aligns itself with the earth’s magnetic field which points north.
 * **Impact:** Many lives have been saved by them and for hundreds of years, people have used compasses as a means of navigation, and they have become essential to our lives. They have helped us make new technologies, find the New World and do everything inbetween.
 * **Fun Facts:** The first person recorded to have used the compass as a navigational aid, some say was was Zheng He (1371-1435), who made several long trips between 1405 and 1433. Zheng He also is said to be the first Asian person to step foot on the South and North American continents in 8000 years.
 * Since opposite poles on 2 magnets attract, the North magnetic pole is actually the south pole of the Earth’s magnetic field.
 * As one gets closer to either of the magnetic poles on the earth, it becomes easier to cross magnetic bands and cause the magnet to read the wrong direction. It can be disrupted by electrical charges, large mountains, ferromagnetic substances, and other magnetic materials in the vicinity.
 * They don’t even point towards true north. It depends on where you are and the year but the magnetic poles of the earth can be both on one side of the earth and can be as many as 2 degrees away from true north.





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 * (Please follow this Posting Layout. Your posting will be used as Study Guide, so please be concise. You will have more freedom adding details during your oral presentation.) **


 * Author: **Wang Yong


 * Invention: **Paper Making, 造纸, Zào zhǐ
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Year: ** 105 A.D


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Inventor: ** Ts'ai Lun, an administrator attached to the Han Dynasty's Imperial court, invented the art of paper making


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Story: ** There was no specific story as to how paper was first made, but the very first paper was c reated a sheet of paper using mulberry and other bast fibers along with fishnets, old rags, and hemp waste.


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Theory: ** The idea was that one would use a paper mold that was most likely made out of


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Impact: **


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Fun Facts ****<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">: **

Author: Nils Gudbranson Invention: Hot Air Balloon: 热气球 rè qìqiú Year: 2nd century BC Inventor: Zhuge Liang Story: The first “hot air balloon” was created by Zhuge Liang on the front lines of the battlefield. Having his health decreased to the smallest margin needed to survive because of, his dying task was to design a light to confuse the enemy. As he died, the light was sent up, wreaking panic among the enemy for they thought a divine force was helping Zhuge Liang and his forces. Because Zhuge Liang was also called Zhuge Kongming, the people named their take on the hot air balloon after his death. Theory: The balloons have fabric parachutes usually with a wicker or rattan basket and a circular vent atop the parachute, and the flame used to propel the balloon forward is lit with liquid propane Impact: People now compete in balloon races and show off of their balloons. Fun Facts: The Chinese first started making hot air balloons out of eggshells. The Chinese sport the oldest type of hot air balloon, the Kongming lanterns.

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 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">(Please follow this Posting Layout. Your posting will be used as Study Guide, so please be concise. You will have more freedom adding details during your oral presentation.) **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Author: 伊克文 **


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Invention: Trebuchet **


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Year: 5th Century BC **


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Inventor: None **


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Story: As one can see, Trebuchet is not exactly a Chinese word. That is because this weapon was predominantly used in the Middle Ages, primarily by the French as a source of artillery. The technology developed after many years of use starting originally with the Chiniese, who later passed the technology onto the Greeks. The earliest forms of Trebuchets were used by the Mohists in 5th century China. The Chinese later named the Trebuchet hui hui pao， meaning Muslim weapon, or Muslim bombarder. **


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Theory: The most simple form of the Trebuchet, one that was developed by the Chinese, is the staff sling. This is essentially a one man operated slingshot on which the man pulls down on a rope, forcing the from end of a log down, while the back side goes in the air, releasing projectiles. These often grew in size, in the Medieval times, requiring a field of up to 240 men and ropes to launch the projectile. Later, heavy boulders were casted and released to take place of the man power. **


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Impact:Trebuchets were the only form of non gun poster artillery and were the number one most powerful man propelled weapons of artillery. **




 * Fun Facts: There is a ton of math involved in marking locations of the projectile called projectile motion. Also Trebuchets ware death machines of the past and the number one siege weapon, not really that fun but...**

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Taggart Haag (海格) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Chinese Invention of Gunpowder <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Huǒyào/火药


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gunpowder was invented in 808 during the Tang Dynasty.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Invented by unknown alchemists.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">There was obviously enormous consequences to the introduction of gunpowder
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">invention of rockets, cannon, guns, ammunition, and other firearms
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">changed the way wars were fought
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">dictated who had the advantage in conflicts or wars
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Ex: Cortes and the Spanish being able to conquer the Aztecs because of their firearms despite few people
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">became a symbol of wealth
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">increased trade with Europe
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It was created to help the Chinese fighting trying to keep the Mongols out of China. The alchemists involved seemed to have had a designated job to develop gunpowder.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gunpowder is a mixture of sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate. When it is ignited, the sulfur and charcoal act as fuel, while the potassium nitrate provided oxygen.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Fun Facts:
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">used in fireworks and firecrackers
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">used for sanitation on ships when there was no alcohol
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">once used as seasoning for bouillon in absence of salt
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">used to be used in construction tools before safer alternatives like air and battery power replaced
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">Author: Frank Calo 成帝 **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">Invention: ****<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">Crossbow **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">Year: 6th Century BC **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">Inventor: No one inventor **


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">Story: The earliest bronze trigger crossbows date back to the 6th century BC. The earliest time you find the mention of the crossbow in literature is Sun Tzu's book //The Art of War around 500 BC. The first time the crossbow was recorded in battle was the Battle of Ma-Ling in 341 BC. These crossbows have also been found with Terra-cotta warriors. They were found in drill formations and calvary units. And many victories have been attributed to the use of crossbows.// **


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">Theory: The first crossbow was made with a bronze trigger, wood, and metal. You would pull the arrow back and it would rest on a mount. When you pull the trigger, the arrow would shoot out and it would have little recoil. **


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">Impact: The impact of the crossbow was that there was a new more accurate, long range weapon that was easier to use and took less energy. you could fire more and kill more people. **


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">Fun Facts: Before gunpowder even a little after, the crossbow was the main longe range weapon for thousands of years because of its long range accuracy. **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">The crossbow has been used in many great warrior societies like the Greeks, Romans, Qin Dynasty, Mongolians, and the Middle Ages. **

**Invention:**Ice Cream
=冰淇淋= Bīngqílín

=

 * Story:** In the old times people were trying to make a frozen treat that would taste good. Some tried putting a type of grape juice onto snow, others tried to take ice from the mountains and mix it with fruit, but it was the Chinese with their frozen mixes of of rice and milk that started the idea to create the ice cream that we eat today. Although the Chinese came the closest to actual ice cream we are not sure who exactly invented delicious cold snack, but the Chinese are credited for having an invention that makes ice cream along with some sort of sorbet.=====

=

 * Theory:** The first ice cream maker used snow and salt petre, which was poured over the outsides of containers filled with the ice cream concoctions. The salt much like pouring it in hot water to help it boil, when put with ice it actually lowers the freezing point to below zero which helps freeze the ice cream mix.=====

During the Song dynasty there was a poem written by Yang Wanli called "Ode to the ice cheese"
=**詠冰酪**= Yǒng bīng lào

//As with snow, it melts in the light of the sun//



 * Author: ** Wang Yong


 * Invention: ** Paper Making, 造纸, Zào zhǐ
 * Year: ** 105 A.D


 * Inventor: ** Ts'ai Lun, an administrator attached to the Han Dynasty's Imperial court, invented the art of paper making


 * Story: ** There was no specific story as to how paper was first made, but the very first paper was c reated a sheet of paper using mulberry and other bast fibers along with fishnets, old rags, and hemp waste.


 * Theory: ** The idea was that one would use a paper mold that was most likely made out of a sieve comprised of a sieve of woven cloth would be stretched across a bamboo frame. Then, the worker making the paper would dip this cloth into this fiber comprised slurry and put it out to dry.


 * Impact: ** At the its conception, paper had very limited uses because it was so weak and so difficult to create. Over time though, it spread out into Korea and Japan. But in the 8th century, paper made its way to way to the Islamic world were the process of paper making was streamlined and the idea of bulk paper was born. From there, paper making made its way into Europe just as the woodcut printmaking technique was being popularized.


 * Fun Facts: **
 * - ** During the Tang Dynasty, paper would be folded and sewn into square bags to make the very first tea bags.
 * - ** The use of a yellow dye made the paper have a dual use for an insect repellent.
 * - ** The oldest dated printed book in the world is the "Diamond Sutra", created during the Tang Dynasty